Орално здравје и превентива на орални заболувања - практикум

Практикумот „Орално здравје и превентива на орални заболувања - практикум” е наменет за студентите на Дентална медицина и за Стручните студии за забен техничар - протетичар. Конципиран е во дванаесет тематски вежби. Во првата вежба: Прием на пациент, преглед и идентификација на факторите на ризик за нарушување на оралното здравје се опишува првиот прием на пациентот, како се зема анамнеза или распит на пациентот, а потоа како се пристапува кон прегледот на пациентот и утврдување на можностите за нарушување на оралното здравје. Во следните пет вежби: Нотирање на состојбата на оралната хигиена, Мотивација за одржување на оралната хигиена и Обука на пациентот за одржување на оралната хигиена, Орално здравје и орална хигиена, Видови техники за орална хигиена и Видови средства за орална хигиена, на постепен и детален начин се обработуваат тематски делови на задолжителната и секојдневна орална хигиена. Во шестата вежба: Исхрана и орално здравје се зборува за влијанието и значајноста на исхраната врз општото и особено врз оралното здравје. Во седмата вежба: Забен кариес, дентален плак, забен камен се опишуваат превентивните аспекти кои овозможуваат спречување на создавање забни наслаги во мека и тврда форма (дентален плак и забен камен) како и превентивните мерки за спречување на појава на кариес. Во осмата вежба: Гингивити – класификација, гравидарен гингивитис накусо е опфатена поделбата на воспаленијата на гингивите со посебен осврт на воспаление на гингивата кај бремени жени. Во деветтата вежба се зборува за Видови стоматолошки интервенции, распределени по стоматолошките научни области. Во десеттата вежба: Отстранување на меки и тврди наслаги, пигментација на заби се обработуваат рачните и машинските методи на отстранување на забните наслаги. Во единаесеттата вежба: Едукативни програми за орално здравје, студентите ќе се запознаат со деловите на едукативните програми. Во последната вежба: Стоматолошки картон, ортодонтски картон и медицинска документација, се обработуваат содржините кои што треба да ги има еден здравствен стоматолошки картон во физичка форма и електронска форма, со посебен осврт кон ортодонтскиот картон, но и со важноста на подготовката и уредното водење на медицинската и стоматолошка документација

Перспектива на современ имплантолошки систем за естетски совршена импланто – протетска реставрација

Поставувањето на денталните импланти денес е неопходност и секојдневно е присутно. Во неможноста да се стигне до релевантни и валидни резултати за нивна интеграција, како коскена – така и интеграција на меките ткива, колегите стоматолози и оралните, а и макслофацијалните хирурзи, се во постојана потрага по еден или повеќе имплантолошки системи кои ќе ги задоволат нивните и очекувањата на пациентите. Тука ќе се обидеме да Ви го доближиме оној имплантолошки систем кои мислиме дека ќе ги исполне Вашите очекувања, а сето тоа базирано на релевантни податоци. За него ќе прикажеме и финални протетски изработки кои соодветно и во време се покажале дека се одлично интегрирани

“Проценка на хроничните периапикални лезии при конзервативен и оперативен третман (клиничка, рентгенолошка, микробиолошка, патхистолошка и имунохемиска студија) - Национален проект (2000 – 2003). 40228500/. II

Хроничните периапикални лезии како продуктивни воспаленија кои се карактеризираат со акумулација на инфламаторни клетки типични за хронично воспаление, придружени и со деструкција на алвеоларната коска. Клиничката манифестација на ваквата лезија може да биде различна, од асимптомна, до состојба со бурна клиничка слика, често од типот на егзацербација.Со проектот се планира да бидат опфатени пациенти со верифицирано постоење на хронична периапикална лезија на забите, на возраст од 20 до 45 години. Работата ќе се одвива во две паралелни фази.Едната фаза ќе биде проспективна студија, која ќе ги компарира резултатите од извршените ендодонски терапии или оперативните интервенции, клинички и рендгенолошки и тоа во период од една година кај 100 пациенти со оваа дијагноза.Во втората фаза ќе бидат испитани 80 хронични периапикални лезии, добиени по оперативен пат. Материјалот ќе биде земен од пациенти поделени во 4 групи: 1 група. 25 случаи со инфицирани коренски канали, каде дотогаш не била изведена ендодонтска терапија, а постои комуникација со оралната празнина. 2 група. 25 случаи кои претходно, пред најмалку две години биле ендодонтски третирани, но е евидентно дека ендодонтската терапија била неуспешна. 3 група. Ќе се состои од 15 случаи, каде постои хронична периапикална лезија и покрај ендодонтската процедура на која забот бил подвргнат пред најмалку две години, а според сите рендгенолошки критериуми се смета за успешно и каде би се очекувало да постои интактен периодонциум. 4 група. Кај 15 случаи, под строго контролирани асептички услови, ќе биде изведена био-механичка обработка и дефинитивна оптурација на коренските канали. Во оваа група ќе бидат вклучени големи периапикални лезии (>5 мм), а апикотомијата ќе биде изведена во период од 2 до 3 месеци по дефинитивната оптурација. Кај испитаниците од сите групи ќе биде регистриран клиничкиот и рендгенолошкиот наод. Материјалот земен при хируршката интервенција ќе биде подложен на : микробиолошко испитување, хистопатолошка анализа и квантитативно одредување на интерлеукин 1-бета. Микробиолошко испитување. Ќе се состои во квалитативна и полуквантитативна анализа на анаеробните и аеробните бактерии присутни во хроничната периапикална лезија. Хистопатолошко дефинирање на периапикалната хронична лезија. Пресеците ќе бидат анализирани на светлосен микроскоп, и тоа на обични и полутенки пресеци (О, 5 μм). Квантитативно одредување на интерлеукин 1-бета со помош на ЕЛИСА методот

Management of post-operative complications during maxillary teeth extraction

Abstract Introduction: During maxillary teeth extractions, variety of complications can occur which can significantly affect the post-operative healing period and patient’s life in general. Aim: The main aim was to discuss some of the most common complications that clinicians encounter during dental extractions and proper management of the potential complications associated with the procedure. Materials and methods: To achieve the aim, variety of materials and methods have been used in order to appropriately manage the complications. The following materials and methods were used: ligature and resorptive sutures in arterial bleeding, ice packs and steroids in post-op swelling, Caldwell – Luc procedure in cases of tooth root in maxillary sinus etc. Results: With the previously noted methods, we have achieved successful control over the complications. For example, use of steroids decreases swelling in post-op day 3-4 to completely disappear by day 10. Conclusion: Several common post-operative complications of dental extractions have been discussed here, and their etiologies and managements explored. It’s our hope that the practitians will be more prepared to manage this kind of complications which often occur in daily practice. Keywords complications, extraction, management, maxillary

Denture - induced fibrous hyperplasia (epulis fissuratum)

Denture-induced fibrous hyperplasia (epulis fissuratum) occurs in complete denture patients, because of constant irritative action that induces the mucosa to grow under poorly fitting dentures. The epulis fissuratm usually occurs in the vestibular mucosa, where the denture flange contacts the tissue. It consists of painless folds of fibrous connective tissue that are firm to palpation. These lesions must be removed, and to avoid a relapse, new complete dentures should be made to maintain healthy surgical tissues. Aim: The purpose of this study was to present a case report of the surgical treatment of epulis fissuratum, as a support to clinical diagnosis with histopathological finding, and to provide satisfactory results of rehabilitation in oral function and tissue health with new denture. An epulis fissuratum is a benign condition but, if ulcerated, it can mimic more serious conditions like oral cancer. Thus, microscopic histopathological examination of the removed tissue is an imperative to be accomplished in order to confirm the doctor's clinical diagnosis

Evaluation quality of life after apicoectomy using two defferent flap design

INTRODUCTION. Apicectomy has become an integral part of a comprehensive dental treatment. The primary objective of apicectomy is to eradicate the etiological agents of periapical pathoses and to restore the periodontium to a state of biologic and functional health. The aim of this study was to evaluate patient experience of quality of life following apicoectomy using two different flap design gingival (envelope) and semilunar. MATERIAL AND METHOD. The study consisted of 60 patients referred for oral surgical treatment - apicoectomy with periapical osteotomy on frontal teeth. One operator were carried out the treatments. All patients were given a questionnaire with 15 questions to evaluate their quality of life for 7 days after the oral surgery interventions. The patient’s answers were referred as: not at all -1; very little -2; some- 3; quite a bit – 4; very much-5). An equal number of patients were assigned to each group. Group 1 was treated by apicoectomy with gingival flap design and Group 2 was treated by apicoectomy with semilunar flap design. The statistical evaluation included descriptive and analytical methods. RESULTS. The average time needed for completion the surgical procedure was approximately 45 minutes. The results showed that patients in Group 1 reported significantly more pain and took significantly more analgesics on day 3. On days 1 and 2, patients of the Group 2 reported significantly more difficulty in mouth opening, mastication, and the ability to speak. CONCLUSION. High incidence of symptoms were reported by the patients in both groups. There were no significant differences found in the distribution of patients according to age, gender, periradicular diagnosis, and site of operation between the two groups. The apicoectomy procedure using semilunar flap design provided significantly less postoperative pain, but more difficulties in mouth opening, mastication, and the ability to speak immediately postoperatively. Key words: oral surgery, apicoectomy, quality of life, flap design, pai

Intensity of dental caries and level of calcium and magnesium in saliva in 12-year-old children

Motivated by new challenges and insights, our paper represents an attempt to recognize the complexity of the etiology of dental caries in children, where the specific goals and focus of the research are aimed at the effects of saliva and its constituent components, therefore we directed the investigations to the following components: is there a significant inverse relationship between the intensity of dental caries and the level of calcium and magnesium in saliva and whether the examined salivary parameters and their optimal concentrations can be used as a diagnostic tool for caries activity. The research included 71 respondents, 26 female and 45 male aged 12 years. For the determination of calcium values in saliva we used ready-made tests - from BioTek Instruments, Inc. headquartered in Winooski, VT, USA. The principle of the methodology of the colorimetric test for the determination of calcium in saliva is based on the fact that calcium ions from the sample, saliva, in an alkaline environment react with the O�cresolphthalein complex, forming a complex with a purple color that absorbs light at 570 nm-578 nm. The intensity of the color was proportional to the concentration of calcium ions in the sample. For the determination of magnesium values in saliva we used ready-made tests - from BioTek Instruments, Inc. headquartered in Winooski, VT, USA. The principle of the method is with a photometric colorimetric test for the determination of magnesium in saliva, where in an alkaline environment magnesium ions from the sample, saliva, react with xylidyl blue, diazonium salt and form a complex with a purple-red color that maximally absorbs light at 520-546 nm. The intensity of the color is proportional to the concentration of magnesium ions in the sample. The examined relationship between the values of calcium and magnesium in the saliva of children with permanent dentition and the presence of the dental has a distinctly low negative insignificant correlation (p>0.05). The increase in the values of calcium in the saliva of children with permanent dentition decreases with the presence of dental caries in children, distinctly insignificant. The examined relationship between the values of magnesium in the saliva of children with permanent dentition and the presence of the dental has a distinctly low negative non-significant correlation (p>0.05). The increase in magnesium values in children with permanent dentition is followed by a drop in the occurrence of dental caries in children, which is clearly insignificant. Keywords: dental caries, calcium, magnesium, permanent dentitio

Intensity of dental caries and level of calcium and magnesium in saliva in 12-year-old children

Motivated by new challenges and insights, our paper represents an attempt to recognize the complexity of the etiology of dental caries in children, where the specific goals and focus of the research are aimed at the effects of saliva and its constituent components, therefore we directed the investigations to the following components: is there a significant inverse relationship between the intensity of dental caries and the level of calcium and magnesium in saliva and whether the examined salivary parameters and their optimal concentrations can be used as a diagnostic tool for caries activity. The research included 71 respondents, 26 female and 45 male aged 12 years. For the determination of calcium values in saliva we used ready-made tests - from BioTek Instruments, Inc. headquartered in Winooski, VT, USA. The principle of the methodology of the colorimetric test for the determination of calcium in saliva is based on the fact that calcium ions from the sample, saliva, in an alkaline environment react with the O-cresolphthalein complex, forming a complex with a purple color that absorbs light at 570 nm-578 nm. The intensity of the color was proportional to the concentration of calcium ions in the sample. For the determination of magnesium values in saliva we used ready-made tests - from BioTek Instruments, Inc. headquartered in Winooski, VT, USA. The principle of the method is with a photometric colorimetric test for the determination of magnesium in saliva, where in an alkaline environment magnesium ions from the sample, saliva, react with xylidyl blue, diazonium salt and form a complex with a purple-red color that maximally absorbs light at 520-546 nm. The intensity of the color is proportional to the concentration of magnesium ions in the sample. The examined relationship between the values of calcium and magnesium in the saliva of children with permanent dentition and the presence of the dental has a distinctly low negative insignificant correlation (p>0.05). The principle of the method is with a photometric colorimetric test for the determination of magnesium in saliva, where in an alkaline environment magnesium ions from the sample, saliva, react with xylidyl blue, diazonium salt and form a complex with a purple-red color that maximally absorbs light at 520-546 nm. The intensity of the color is proportional to the concentration of magnesium ions in the sample. The examined relationship between the values of calcium and magnesium in the saliva of children with permanent dentition and the presence of the dental has a distinctly low negative insignificant correlation (p>0.05)

Treatment modalities of palatal impacted canines

Introduction: The orthodontic treatment of impacted maxillary canine remains a challenge to today’s clinicians. The treatment of this clinical entity usually involves surgical exposure of the impacted tooth, followed by orthodontic traction to guide and align it into the dental arch. The impacted palatal canine requires a combination of both treatment modalities: orthodontic management and oral surgical treatment. Two types of approach are commonly used: simple exposure, or exposure with bracketing at the time of oral surgery procedure. Bracketing is a well-established and effective method of managing the impacted canine though it has been criticized for increasing the operating time and being a more technique-sensitive procedure.Aim: The aim was to compare the outcome and complication rate for each type of procedure.Material and method: In this study 20 treated patients with both palatal impacted canines were included, one at which the ectopic tooth was surgically exposed alone and the other where an orthodontic bracket was bonded to facilitate early traction, and the flap replaced.Results: In 30 per cent of all cases exposed and bracketed a second surgical intervention was required, compared with 15 per cent in the simple exposure group.Conclusion: Bracketing, though effective, is a more costly and time-consuming procedure, and it is suggested that simple exposure provides an equally efficient and predictable method of managing the palatal impacted canine with obvious clinical and financial benefits

Traumatic dental injuries: etiology, prevalence and possible outcomes

Traumatic dental injuries are significant publiTraumatic dental injuries: etiology, prevalence and possible outcomesc health problem because of its frequency, impact on economic productivity and quality of life. It is not a disease and no individual is ever at zero risk of sustaining these potentially life-changing injuries. Traumatic dental injuries occur most frequently in children and young adults. Older adults also suffer from traumatic dental injuries but at significantly lower rates than individuals in the younger cohorts. Luxation injuries are the most common traumatic dental injuries in the primary dentition, whereas crown fractures are more commonly reported for the permanent teeth. Proper diagnosis, treatment planning and follow up are very important to assure a favorable outcome. The aim was to overview the etiology, prevalence and possible outcomes of dental trauma. An electronic search of Medline (PubMed), Cochrane, SSCI (Social Citation Index), SCI (Science Citation Index) databases from 2000 to the present, using the following search words: tooth injuries, tooth trauma, traumatized teeth, dental trauma, dentoalveolar trauma, oral trauma, epidemiology, etiology, prevalence, prevention, pulp necrosis, inflammatory resorption, ankylosis, cervical resorption, was performed. The current revision represents the best evidence based on the available literature and expert opinions. During last decade traumatic dental injuries were recognized as public dental health problem worldwide. Prevalence of traumatic dental injuries varies between countries. According to the existing data they are more prevalent in permanent than in primary dentition. All treatment procedures in case of dental trauma are directed to minimize undesired consequences despite that treatment of traumatic dental injuries in the young patient is often complicated and can continue during the rest of his/her life. The changing lifestyle and requirements of modern society lead to an emergence of new patterns of dental trauma. Successful treatment of traumatic injuries depends on timely action by the patient and a quick and accurate diagnosis by the dentist. Although most injuries are minor and of an urgent nature, displaced or missing teeth are true emergencies. The mismanagement of traumatic dental injuries has provided much information as well as questions for research that have resulted in the increased retention of teeth with as little treatment as possible. Maintaining pulp vitality when possible, utilizing the therapeutic effects of calcium hydroxide, and returning teeth to function as soon as possible are keys to predictable prognosis. It is the responsibility of the dentist to stay current on the latest techniques available to treat traumatic injuries. The charts included provide most of the potential emergency treatment possibilities, recommended follow-up treatment, and final treatment outcomes essential to providing the best care for our child patients. It is also the responsibility of the dentist to use evidence-based research when adopting treatment protocols. Keywords: traumatic dental injuries, dental trauma, permanent dentition, primary dentitio